KYZ, Inc., a U.S. firm, sends its manager, Ryan, to London to manage its operations there. Ryan's salary is still based on the U.S. payment system; however, KYZ offers him a lump-sum payment to offset the additional standards-of-living expense in London. In this case, which of the following approaches to expatriate compensation did KYZ use?
a. The cafeteria approach
b. The localization approach
c. The local plus approach
d.The balance sheet approach